Orcas, more commonly known as killer whales, are
found in oceans throughout the world.
They are thought to be the most widely disbursed animal on earth
following humans. A killer whale is no
daisy to be twirled through your fingers, mind you. As the name indicates, these brutes are predators. They are big, highly intelligent and often
use the same pack hunting strategies that wolves use. Male Orcas average well over 20 feet in
length. A bull orca might easily weigh
more than 12,000 pounds. They are plenty
fast, too. They can reach speeds above
25 miles-per-hour. They cooperate in
living, loving, and killing.
Killer whales have a wide range of eating
habits. Some pods (groups of them) tend
to specialize, perhaps eating more salmon than anything. Others, as demonstrated in Argentina, have
learned to charge the shore and beach themselves so that they can catch seals
and sea lions on land. The Orca is the
largest predator of warm-blooded animals on the planet. They will prey on sea birds, fish, seals,
great white sharks, sea lions, the calves of larger whales and on rare occasion
a hapless moose caught swimming in the open.
Interestingly, not a single human death has been
attributed to a killer whale in the wild.
Documented attacks in the wild are exceedingly rare—less than you can
count on one hand. Most involved a bit
of bumping and splashing. Of those
“attacks,” only one recorded a killer whale actually biting a person. That attack involved a surfer off the coast
of California in 1972. Likely, the
incident was a case of mistaken identity; the killer whale thinking the surfer
might be a tasty snack. We humans have,
by means of our preference in both hairstyles and television shows, proven that
we have disturbingly poor taste.
Apparently we don’t taste all that great either. The killer whale immediately spit the surfer
back into the ocean. The surfer survived
the attack.
Orcas in captivity are something else.
They are killers of humans.
Since the 1960s over 100 acts of aggression against
humans (by orcas in captivity) have been recorded. The aggression ranges from tugging or bumping
humans to outright mauling and murder.
Four people have been killed by Orcas held captive in pools. Three of the people were killed by the same
Orca—a bull named Tilikum.
Tilikum is still “performing” at SeaWorld in
Orlando, Florida. He is a known killer,
but there is yet a great deal of money involved. For one thing, Tilikum cost a great deal to
train and keep for this long. He also
brought in big crowds. More importantly,
Tilikum is a prolific sperm donor. By both
natural means and artificial insemination, Tilikum has sired 21 offspring.
Ultimately, the whole murderous history of Orcas in
captivity is about nothing more than money.
Killer whale performances draw big crowds. On occasion, a successful movie starring one
of these creatures is made. Little
consideration is given to how the orcas feel.
And the orcas—though many trainers deeply care for them and love them—are
miserable in their pens. You need see no
more than the collapsed dorsal fins of the males to see this. Virtually all bull killer whales in captivity
display this—though in nature the phenomenon is rare.
Killer whales are very social and
communicative. They interact with clicks
and squeals and whistles. In captivity,
they are often seem to be wailing their pools.
They are altenately aggressive and frustrated and then suddenly
listless. Today, Tilikum is lonely and
adrift. He is often off in his own pool,
sulking. The trainers are not allowed to
share the pool with him—not that I am suggesting they should do so.
I do not blame the killer whales for any of their
aggression while in captivity. We really
should know better by now. We crave our
freedom, too. Finally, the life span of
an Orca in captivity is now understood to be far less than the span of their
kin in the oceans.
Same for the trainers working with them.
If
interested in more information, please watch Blackfish, the documentary about the plight of killer whales in
captivity.
--Mitchell
Hegman